Vitiligo
Vitiligo causes patches of skin to lose their pigment. It is not contagious. Its course varies: patches may remain unchanged or spread over time.
What happens during assessment?
Your dermatologist examines the patches and discusses when they appeared, whether they are spreading, previous treatments and relevant medical or family history.
A Wood’s lamp examination may be done. Blood tests or other investigations may be recommended when needed for management. Not every white patch is vitiligo.
Treatment options
Treatment aims to control disease activity and, where possible, restore pigmentation.
Options may include:
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Topical medicines: prescription creams or ointments selected for the affected area and the patient’s age.
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Phototherapy: controlled ultraviolet light treatment, with the schedule and dose determined by the dermatologist.
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Oral medicines: considered in selected cases, including actively spreading disease.
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Surgical treatment: may be considered for selected patients with stable vitiligo after assessment.
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Supportive care: sun protection, optional skin camouflage and support for emotional well-being.
Treatment benefits, possible side effects and monitoring requirements are discussed before starting.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q. What is vitiligo?
A. Vitiligo is a skin condition where melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing skin pigment, are destroyed or stop functioning. This results in white patches on the skin, which can appear anywhere on the body.
Q. Is vitiligo contagious?
A. No, vitiligo is not contagious. You cannot catch it through touch, close contact, or sharing personal items.
Q. What causes vitiligo?
A. The exact cause is not fully understood. However, it is often linked to autoimmune responses, genetic factors, oxidative stress, and sometimes environmental triggers.
Q. Can vitiligo be cured?
A. Currently, there is no permanent cure for vitiligo. However, several treatments, such as topical medications, light-based therapies, and surgical options, can help restore skin pigmentation, slow its progression and control disease activity.
Q. Who is affected by vitiligo?
A. Vitiligo can affect people of any age, gender, or ethnicity. It can develop at any time.
Q. Can vitiligo spread?
A. In some cases, vitiligo may gradually spread to other areas of the skin, but the progression is unpredictable. Early treatment can sometimes help slow the spread.
Q. Are there emotional or psychological effects?
A. Yes, vitiligo can impact self-esteem and emotional well-being. Counseling, support groups, and cosmetic solutions can help individuals cope with these challenges.
Q. How can I protect my skin with vitiligo?
A. Since depigmented areas lack melanin, they are more sensitive to sunburn. Use high-SPF sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure.
Q. Can makeup or camouflage help?
A. Yes, specially designed camouflage cosmetics and skin dyes can effectively conceal white patches and improve confidence.
Q. When should I see a dermatologist?
A. If you notice white patches on your skin or if vitiligo is spreading rapidly, it’s important to consult a dermatologist. Early intervention can improve treatment outcomes.
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